解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Determining statistical patterns irrespective of interacting agents (i.e. macroecology) is useful to explore the mechanisms driving population fluctuations and extinctions in natural food webs. Here, we tested four predictions of a neutral model on the distribution of community fluctuations (CF) and the distributions ...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12749
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plant diversity experiments generally find that increased diversity causes increased productivity; however, primary productivity is typically measured in the presence of a diverse food web, including pathogens, mutualists and herbivores. If food web impacts on productivity vary with plant diversity, as predicted by bo...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12754
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Colonisation is a fundamental ecological and evolutionary process that drives the distribution and abundance of organisms. The initial ability of colonists to establish is determined largely by the number of founders and their genetic background. We explore the importance of these demographic and genetic properties fo...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12743
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Latitudinal gradients in biotic interactions have been suggested as causes of global patterns of biodiversity and phenotypic variation. Plant biologists have long speculated that outcrossing mating systems are more common at low than high latitudes owing to a greater predictability of plant-pollinator interactions in ...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12738
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Loss and fragmentation of natural habitats can lead to alterations of plant-animal interactions and ecosystems functioning. Insect herbivory, an important antagonistic interaction is expected to be influenced by habitat fragmentation through direct negative effects on herbivore community richness and indirect positive...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1111/ele.12723
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Competing theoretical models make different predictions on which life history strategies facilitate growth of small populations. While 'fast' strategies allow for rapid increase in population size and limit vulnerability to stochastic events, 'slow' strategies and bet-hedging may reduce variance in vital rates in resp...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12728
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Macrosystems ecology is an effort to understand ecological processes and interactions at the broadest spatial scales and has potential to help solve globally important social and ecological challenges. It is important to understand the intellectual legacies underpinning macrosystems ecology: How the subdiscipline fits...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12717
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::While collective decision-making is recognised as a significant contributor to fitness in social species, the opposite outcome is also logically possible. We show that collective movement decisions guided by individual bison sharing faulty information about habitat quality promoted the use of ecological traps. The fre...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12698
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Predicting species responses to climate change is a central challenge in ecology. These predictions are often based on lab-derived phenomenological relationships between temperature and fitness metrics. We tested one of these relationships using the embryonic stage of a Chinook salmon population. We parameterised the ...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12705
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Co-evolving parasites may play a key role in host migration and population structure. Using co-evolving bacteria and viruses, we test general hypotheses as to how co-evolving parasites affect the success of passive host migration between habitats that can support different intensities of host-parasite interactions. Fi...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1111/ele.12700
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although models of evolution usually assume that the strength of selection on a trait and the expression of genetic variation in that trait are independent, whenever the same ecological factor impacts both parameters, a correlation between the two may arise that accelerates trait evolution in some environments and slo...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12662
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Time series of abundances are critical for understanding how abiotic factors and species interactions affect population dynamics, but are rarely linked with experiments and also scarce for bee pollinators. This gap is important given concerns about declines in some bee species. I monitored honey bee (Apis mellifera) a...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12659
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The impacts of climate change on forest net biomass change are poorly understood but critical for predicting forest's contribution to the global carbon cycle. Recent studies show climate change-associated net biomass declines in mature forest plots. The representativeness of these plots for regional forests, however, ...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12653
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Predicting long-term trends in forest growth requires accurate characterisation of how the relationship between forest productivity and climatic stress varies across climatic regimes. Using a network of over two million tree-ring observations spanning North America and a space-for-time substitution methodology, we for...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12650
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although fitness is central to the evolutionary process, metrics vary by timescale. Different timescales may give rise to different estimates of selection, especially during demographic transitions caused by rapid environmental and socioeconomic change. In this study, we used a dataset of a human population in Finland...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12619
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Across arthropod societies, sib-rearing (e.g. nursing or nest defence) may be provided by females, by males or by both sexes. According to Hamilton's 'haplodiploidy hypothesis', this diversity reflects the relatedness consequences of diploid vs. haplodiploid inheritance. However, an alternative 'preadaptation hypothes...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12621
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The coupling of ecology and evolution during range expansions enables mutations to establish at expanding range margins and reach high frequencies. This phenomenon, called allele surfing, is thought to have caused revolutions in the gene pool of many species, most evidently in microbial communities. It has remained un...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1111/ele.12625
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrogen (N) deposition is impacting the services that ecosystems provide to humanity. However, the mechanisms determining impacts on the N cycle are not fully understood. To explore the mechanistic underpinnings of N impacts on N cycle processes, we reviewed and synthesised recent progress in ecosystem N research thr...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/ele.12591
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activity budgets influence the expression of life history traits as well as population dynamics. For ectotherms, a major constraint on activity is environmental temperature. Nonetheless, we currently lack a comprehensive conceptual framework for understanding thermal constraints on activity, which hinders our ability ...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12552
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Habitat selection, including oviposition site choice, is an important driver of community assembly in freshwater systems. Factors determining patch quality are assessed by many colonising organisms and affect colonisation rates, spatial distribution and community structure. For many species, the presence/absence of pr...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1111/ele.12553
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Legumes capable of fixing atmospheric N2 are abundant and diverse in many tropical forests, but the factors determining ecological patterns in fixation are unresolved. A long-standing idea is that fixation depends on soil nutrients (N, P or Mo), but recent evidence shows that fixation may also differ among N2-fixing s...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12543
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tendency of trees to grow taller with increasing water availability is common knowledge. Yet a robust, universal relationship between the spatial distribution of water availability and forest canopy height (H) is lacking. Here, we created a global water availability map by calculating an annual budget as the diffe...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1111/ele.12525
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most species are exposed to significant environmental gradients across their ranges, but vital rates (survival, growth, reproduction and recruitment) need not respond in the same direction to those gradients. Opposing vital rate trends across environments, a phenomenon that has been loosely called 'demographic compens...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12505
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The time-area-productivity hypothesis is a proposed explanation for global biodiversity gradients. It predicts that a bioregion's modern diversity is the product of its area and productivity, integrated over evolutionary time. I performed the first experimental test of the time-area-productivity hypothesis using a mod...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1111/ele.12501
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effects of host plant α- and β-diversity often confound studies of herbivore β-diversity, hindering our ability to predict the full impact of non-native plants on herbivores. Here, while controlling host plant diversity, we examined variation in herbivore communities between native and non-native plants, focusing on h...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12492
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Why some organisms become invasive when introduced into novel regions while others fail to even establish is a fundamental question in ecology. Barriers to success are expected to filter species at each stage along the invasion pathway. No study to date, however, has investigated how species traits associate with succ...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12493
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ecological constraints on independent breeding are recognised as major drivers of cooperative breeding across diverse lineages. How the prevalence and degree of cooperative breeding relates to ecological variation remains unresolved. Using a large data set of cooperative nesting in Polistes wasps we demonstrate that d...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12488
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dispersal and the underlying movement behaviour are processes of pivotal importance for understanding and predicting metapopulation and metacommunity dynamics. Generally, dispersal decisions are condition-dependent and rely on information in the broad sense, like the presence of conspecifics. However, studies on metac...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1111/ele.12475
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Numerous bamboo species collectively flower and seed at dramatically extended, regular intervals - some as long as 120 years. These collective seed releases, termed 'masts', are thought to be a strategy to overwhelm seed predators or to maximise pollination rates. But why are the intervals so long, and how did they ev...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12442
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Individual heterogeneity in life history shapes eco-evolutionary processes, and unobserved heterogeneity can affect demographic outputs characterising life history and population dynamical properties. Demographic frameworks like matrix models or integral projection models represent powerful approaches to disentangle m...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12421
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alien plant species are known to have a wide range of impacts on recipient communities, from resident species' exclusions to coexistence with resident species. It remains unclear; however, if this variety of impacts is due to different invader strategies, features of recipient communities or both. To test this, we exa...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12414
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ectomycorrhizal (EcM)-mediated nitrogen (N) acquisition is one main strategy used by terrestrial plants to facilitate growth. Measurements of natural abundance nitrogen isotope ratios (denoted as δ(15)N relative to a standard) increasingly serve as integrative proxies for mycorrhiza-mediated N acquisition due to biolo...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12377
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteria typically rely on secreted metabolites, potentially shareable at the community level, to scavenge resources from the environment. The evolution of diffusible, shareable metabolites is, however, difficult to explain because molecules can get lost, or be exploited by cheating mutants. A key question is whether ...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12371
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Co-flowering plant species commonly share flower visitors, and thus have the potential to influence each other's pollination. In this study we analysed 750 quantitative plant-pollinator networks from 28 studies representing diverse biomes worldwide. We show that the potential for one plant species to influence another...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12342
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Species diversity has two components - number of species and spatial turnover in species composition (beta-diversity). Using a field experiment focusing on a system of Mediterranean grasslands, we show that interspecific competition may influence the two components in the same direction or in opposite directions, depe...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12343
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the importance of divergent selection to the speed of evolution, it remains poorly understood if divergent selection is more prevalent in the tropics (where species richness is highest), or at high latitudes (where paleoclimate change has been most intense). We tested whether the rate of climatic-niche evoluti...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12346
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maternal hormones are important mediators of prenatal maternal effects. Although many experimental studies have demonstrated their potency in shaping offspring phenotypes, we know remarkably little about their adaptive value. Using long-term data on a wild collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis) population, we show ...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12339
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metabolism fuels all of life's activities, from biochemical reactions to ecological interactions. According to two intensely debated theories, body size affects metabolism via geometrical influences on the transport of resources and wastes. However, these theories differ crucially in whether the size dependence of met...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12334
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The impact of anthropogenic activity on ecosystems has highlighted the need to move beyond the biogeographical delineation of species richness patterns to understanding the vulnerability of species assemblages, including the functional components that are linked to the processes they support. We developed a decision t...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12316
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relative importance of contemporary and historical processes is central for understanding biodiversity patterns. While several studies show that past conditions can partly explain the current biodiversity patterns, the role of history remains elusive. We reconstructed palaeo-drainage basins under lower sea level c...
journal_title:Ecology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ele.12319
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00